Azerbaijan, officially known as the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. It is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bordered by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and has a short border with Turkey in the northwest.

Home to nearly 10 million people, Azerbaijan has a rich cultural heritage that blends influences from both Europe and Asia. Its capital and largest city is Baku, known for its medieval walled old city and modern landmarks such as the Flame Towers. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, including the Caspian Sea coast, the Caucasus Mountains, and the semi-desert plains.

Azerbaijan has a mixed economy based on oil and gas resources, making it one of the most economically developed nations in the Caucasus region. The country has a strong emphasis on education and boasts a well-developed infrastructure, including modern transportation networks.

Politically, Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic. The government is dominated by the New Azerbaijan Party, and the country has been criticized for its human rights record and lack of political freedoms. Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Commonwealth of Independent States, among other international organizations.