This website requires javascript for proper use Advancing in tandem – results of the 2024 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto BIS Papers | No 159 | 22 August 2025 by Anamaria Illes, Anneke Kosse and Peter Wierts PDF full text (1,670kb) | 39 pages Central banks’ involvement in central bank digital currency (CBDC) work remained strong in 2024. Of the 93 central banks surveyed, 91% (85) were exploring either a retail CBDC, a wholesale CBDC or both. At an aggregate level, the exploration of wholesale CBDCs is at more advanced stages than exploration of retail CBDCs. The focus and stage of the work and envisioned use cases and design features of CBDCs vary across jurisdictions. Yet, preserving the role of central bank money amid the decline of cash and the rise of tokenisation of traditional assets is a key driver for many central banks. More than one in three jurisdictions had also accelerated work on CBDCs in light of developments in stablecoins and other cryptoassets. JEL classification: E42, E58, O33 Keywords: Central bank digital currencies, CBDC, digital innovation, cryptoassets, stablecoins, cross-border payments, tokenisation, tokenised bonds, interoperability, financial stability, regulation About the authors Anamaria Illes More from this author Anneke Kosse More from this author Peter Wierts More from this author Related information Embracing diversity, advancing together – results of the 2023 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto Making headway – Results of the 2022 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto Gaining momentum – Results of the 2021 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies Ready, steady, go? – Results of the third BIS survey on central bank digital currency Impending arrival – a sequel to the survey on central bank digital currency Proceeding with caution – a survey on central bank digital currency Central bank digital currencies Top Share this page Stay connected Follow us Sign up to receive email alerts About BIS Sitemap FAQ Contact Careers Translations Legal information Terms and conditions Copyright and permissions Privacy notice Cookies notice Email scam warning
