Estonia, officially known as the Republic of Estonia, is a country located in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The capital and largest city of Estonia is Tallinn.

Estonia gained independence from Russia in 1918 during the Russian Revolution. It was later occupied by the Soviet Union during World War II and became a part of the Eastern Bloc. Estonia regained its independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Today, Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic with a high-income economy and advanced technological infrastructure. It is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the eurozone. Estonia is known for its digital advancement, e-governance programs, and vibrant cultural scene.

The country has a population of approximately 1.3 million people and is known for its strong emphasis on education, with a high literacy rate. Estonian culture is characterized by its unique language, traditions, and folklore.

Notable landmarks in Estonia include the medieval Old Town of Tallinn, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as its numerous forests, islands, and lakes. The country's economy is driven by industries such as information technology, electronics, and tourism.