Ethiopia, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second most populous country in Africa, with a population exceeding 110 million people. The capital city is Addis Ababa, which also serves as the headquarters for the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.

Ethiopia has a rich history dating back thousands of years and is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. It is also the only African country to have never been colonized, maintaining its independence throughout its history. The country is known for its diverse culture, ancient traditions, and unique architecture, such as the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela and the ancient obelisks of Aksum.

With a varied landscape that includes mountains, deserts, and savannas, Ethiopia is home to a wide range of flora and fauna, including endemic species such as the Ethiopian wolf and the Gelada baboon. The country is also famous for its coffee, with the region of Kaffa believed to be the birthplace of the coffee plant.

Despite facing challenges such as poverty and political unrest, Ethiopia has made significant progress in recent years, with a rapidly growing economy and improvements in infrastructure and healthcare. The country is also known for its unique script, Ge'ez, and its distinct calendar, which is seven to eight years behind the Gregorian calendar.