Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta, is a Southern European island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It lies 50 miles (80 km) south of Sicily, Italy, and 176 miles (284 km) east of Tunisia, North Africa. Malta covers an area of just over 316 square kilometers, making it one of the world's smallest and most densely populated countries.

Throughout its history, Malta has been ruled by various powers including the Phoenicians, Romans, Moors, Knights of St. John, French, and British. Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 and became a republic in 1974. The country is known for its rich history, with numerous ancient temples, fortresses, and megalithic structures scattered across the archipelago.

Malta is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its sunny weather, clear blue waters, and historic sites. The capital city, Valletta, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to many cultural treasures, including the Grandmaster's Palace and St. John's Co-Cathedral.

The Maltese archipelago consists of three inhabited islands: Malta, Gozo, and Comino. The Maltese people speak Maltese and English as the official languages, and the majority of the population is Roman Catholic. The economy of Malta is highly developed, with a strong focus on tourism, manufacturing, and financial services.